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Vanadium vs Sodium

Vanadium
Sodium
Sodium vs Vanadium


Periodic Table
Symbol
V  
-  
Group Number
5  
13
1  
17
Period Number
4  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440622  
27
7440235  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By Electrolysis Process, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
14
0.55 %  
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %  
12
2.30 %  
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
14
1.10 %  
1
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.14 %  
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
1
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
10,000.00 p.p.m.  
2
Physical
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C  
13
97.72 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C  
21
883.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Blue-Silver Grey  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.70  
4
0.50  
24
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa  
24
0.69 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa  
25
0.69 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s  
22
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.05  
13
1.33  
99+
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
53.00 %  
28
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
V  
-  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
22  
17
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63  
21
0.93  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39  
21
0.56  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.01  
36
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.63  
21
0.91  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.53  
29
0.87  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37  
34
3.07  
6
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,562.00 kJ/mol  
4
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
6,910.30 kJ/mol  
6
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
9,543.00 kJ/mol  
5
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
13,354.00 kJ/mol  
4
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
16,613.00 kJ/mol  
4
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
20,117.00 kJ/mol  
4
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
25,496.00 kJ/mol  
4
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
28,932.00 kJ/mol  
4
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
141,362.00 kJ/mol  
2
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
159,076.00 kJ/mol  
2
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
4,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
495.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
2.75 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
23  
99+
11  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
[Ne] 3s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
23  
99+
11  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
23  
99+
11  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm  
35
166.00 pm  
29
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
227.00 pm  
26
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu  
99+
22.99 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
23.70 cm3/mol  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Titanium
  
Beryllium
  
Next Element
Chromium
  
Magnesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)  
6
14.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm  
99+
429.06 pm  
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.70  
9
1.01  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
0.97 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
0.93 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa  
6
10.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
11
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa  
16
3.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
6.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa  
17
10.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.96  
99+
0.97  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
6
Susceptibility
0.00  
8
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
47.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
0.21 106/cm Ω  
9
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
52.80 kJ/mol  
24
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
1.23 J/(kg K)  
3
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
28.23 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K  
40
142.00 W/m·K  
11
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K  
15
2,573.00 K  
10
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
71.00 µm/(m·K)  
4
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
89.04 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
2.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
108.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
51.30 J/mol.K  
39
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