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Sodium vs Rhodium

Sodium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Sodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Na   
Rh   
Group Number
1   
17
9   
9
Period Number
3   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440235   
99+
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1807   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %   
6
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %   
6
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %   
6
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %   
5
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %   
1
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %   
3
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
1
Not Available   
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.   
2
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C   
99+
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
883.00 °C   
99+
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.50   
22
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa   
99+
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s   
24
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93   
99+
2.28   
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56   
30
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01   
35
1.45   
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91   
21
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.87   
99+
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07   
6
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol   
99+
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol   
4
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol   
6
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV   
40
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11   
99+
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
11   
99+
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
11   
99+
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm   
27
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm   
21
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu   
99+
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol   
10
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Beryllium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Magnesium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)   
99+
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm   
19
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3   
99+
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3   
99+
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa   
99+
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa   
99+
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa   
99+
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.97   
99+
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m   
99+
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
9
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol   
19
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)   
3
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K   
10
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K   
11
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K   
2
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)   
4
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol   
99+
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol   
99+
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol   
99+
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K   
28
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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