Tin vs Vanadium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
V
Group Number
14
4
5
13
Period Number
5
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440622
27
Space Group Name
I41/amd
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
141.00
7
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Andrés Manuel del Río
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
1 * 10-4 %
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.00004 %
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
- Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
36
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
0.00 p.p.m.
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
1,890.00 °C
13
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
3,380.00 °C
20
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Blue-Silver Grey
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
6.70
4
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
600.00 MPa
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
628.00 MPa
17
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
4,560.00 m/s
17
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
61.00 %
14
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
V
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
22
17
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.63
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
1.39
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.53
26
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.37
34
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
650.90 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
2,830.00 kJ/mol
35
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol
25
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
6,298.70 kJ/mol
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available
12,363.00 kJ/mol
5
7th Energy level
Not Available
14,530.00 kJ/mol
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,730.00 kJ/mol
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,860.00 kJ/mol
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,240.00 kJ/mol
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,670.00 kJ/mol
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,730.00 kJ/mol
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available
32,446.00 kJ/mol
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available
86,450.00 kJ/mol
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available
94,170.00 kJ/mol
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available
102,300.00 kJ/mol
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available
112,700.00 kJ/mol
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available
121,600.00 kJ/mol
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available
130,700.00 kJ/mol
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available
143,400.00 kJ/mol
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available
151,440.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
23
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
23
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
28
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
23
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
153.00 pm
33
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
50.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
8.78 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
120.00 (-eV)
6
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
303.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
6.00 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
800.00 MPa
6
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.23 (Pa)
16
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
47.00 GPa
16
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
128.00 GPa
15
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
5.96
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
197.00 nΩ·m
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
50.60 kJ/mol
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.49 J/(kg K)
10
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
24.89 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
30.70 W/m·K
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
8.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
458.60 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
514.60 kJ/mol
13
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
28.90 J/mol.K
99+
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