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Rhodium vs Lanthanum

Rhodium
Lanthanum
Lanthanum vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
La  
Group Number
9  
9
3  
15
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7439910  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1838  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
32
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.08 p.p.m.  
29
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
920.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
3,469.00 °C  
19
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
360.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
2,475.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.80  
22
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
La  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.10  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.10  
38
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.08  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.90  
10
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,067.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,850.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
4,819.00 kJ/mol  
32
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
25
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.73 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
57  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Xe] 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
57  
99+
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
57  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
187.00 pm  
10
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
207.00 pm  
6
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
240.00 pm  
17
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
138.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
20.73 cm3/mol  
26
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Barium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Cerium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
40.71 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
377.20 pm  
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.62  
16
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
6.16 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
5.94 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
45.00 MPa  
40
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.98 (Pa)  
15
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
14.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
27.90 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
36.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
6.17  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
615.00 nΩ·m  
7
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
48.00 kJ/mol  
28
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
27.11 J/mol·K  
27
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
13.40 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
1,193.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
399.60 kJ/mol  
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
6.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
431.00 kJ/mol  
21
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
56.90 J/mol.K  
31
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