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Lanthanum vs Rhodium

Lanthanum
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Lanthanum


Periodic Table
Symbol
La  
Rh  
Group Number
Not Available  
9  
9
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439910  
99+
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1838  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %  
22
6 * 10-8 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %  
25
~0.0000002 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
29
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
NA  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.  
24
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C  
99+
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C  
18
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
30
980.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa  
26
1,100.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s  
37
4,700.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
84.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.28  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08  
31
1.45  
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.56  
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol  
22
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol  
25
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV  
31
4.98 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57  
99+
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57  
99+
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
57  
99+
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm  
8
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm  
6
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm  
13
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu  
99+
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol  
16
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm  
28
380.34 pm  
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
2
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3  
99+
12.41 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3  
99+
10.70 g/cm3  
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
15
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa  
40
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa  
99+
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa  
99+
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17  
99+
12.41  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m  
7
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol  
23
109.70 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
21
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K  
99+
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
32
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol  
17
495.40 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol  
99+
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol  
16
556.50 kJ/mol  
12
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K  
23
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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