Rubidium vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb
Mg
Group Number
1
17
2
16
Period Number
5
3
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkali
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440177
99+
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1861
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %
17
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
19
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
18
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
7
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
7
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
7
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.
13
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C
99+
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
688.00 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.30
24
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa
99+
260.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s
99+
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82
99+
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31
32
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89
40
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69
24
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
0.71
99+
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol
6
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol
11
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol
18
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol
19
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol
20
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol
20
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol
17
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol
18
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol
6
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr
14
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV
99+
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
37
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
48
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
37
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm
2
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm
4
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm
3
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol
2
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)
99+
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm
10
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3
99+
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa
99+
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa
99+
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.53
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m
26
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
24
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol
24
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)
17
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K
5
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K
26
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K
4
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)
2
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol
99+
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol
99+
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol
99+
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K
5
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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