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Rubidium vs Silver

Rubidium
Silver
Silver vs Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb  
Ag  
Group Number
1  
17
11  
7
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440177  
99+
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
-  
Discovery
In 1861  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
18
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
38.89 °C  
99+
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
688.00 °C  
99+
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30  
26
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa  
99+
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.22 MPa  
99+
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.54  
35
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
52.00 %  
29
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rb  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31  
99+
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69  
99+
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
0.71  
99+
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
31
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
31
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr  
16
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV  
99+
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
37  
99+
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37  
99+
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
48  
99+
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
37  
99+
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm  
3
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm  
4
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm  
4
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu  
99+
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol  
3
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm  
11
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
28
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
30.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
35
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.50 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa  
99+
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa  
99+
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53  
99+
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
29
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol  
29
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K  
7
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K  
26
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K  
18
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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