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Silver vs Rubidium

Silver
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Rb   
Group Number
11   
7
1   
17
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Grayish White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
0.22 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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