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Silver Rubidium Comparison

Silver
Rubidium
Rubidium Silver comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Rb  
Group Number
11  
7
1  
17
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440177  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
38.89 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
688.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
0.30  
26
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
0.22 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
0.22 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
52.00 %  
29
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Rb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
0.31  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
0.89  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
0.69  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
0.71  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
28
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
31
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
31
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
3.19 g/amp-hr  
16
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
2.16 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
37  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Kr] 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
37  
99+
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
48  
99+
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
37  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
248.00 pm  
3
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
220.00 pm  
4
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
303.00 pm  
4
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
85.47 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
55.90 cm3/mol  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
558.50 pm  
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.59  
28
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
35
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
2.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
2.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
2.40 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
1.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.08 106/cm Ω  
29
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
46.90 kJ/mol  
29
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
31.06 J/mol·K  
7
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
58.20 W/m·K  
26
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
2,093.00 K  
18
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
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