Silver Rubidium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag
Rb
Group Number
11
7
1
17
Period Number
5
5
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
CAS Number
7440224
99+
7440177
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000003 %
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
7
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.
20
5.00 p.p.m.
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C
99+
38.89 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C
99+
688.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
0.30
24
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa
37
0.22 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa
30
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
34
1,300.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
97.00 %
1
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag
Rb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93
9
0.82
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83
11
0.31
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
0.89
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47
15
0.69
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.87
7
0.71
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07
99+
3.18
3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol
27
403.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
2,633.00 kJ/mol
6
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
3,860.00 kJ/mol
11
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,080.00 kJ/mol
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,850.00 kJ/mol
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,140.00 kJ/mol
20
7th Energy level
Not Available
9,570.00 kJ/mol
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available
13,120.00 kJ/mol
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,500.00 kJ/mol
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available
26,740.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
3.19 g/amp-hr
14
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV
20
2.16 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47
99+
37
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Kr] 5s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
47
99+
37
99+
Number of Neutrons
61
99+
48
99+
Number of Electrons
47
99+
37
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm
36
248.00 pm
2
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm
39
220.00 pm
4
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm
38
303.00 pm
3
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu
99+
85.47 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
55.90 cm3/mol
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)
99+
9.47 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm
20
558.50 pm
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3
35
1.53 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3
21
1.46 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
14
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
2.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa
23
2.40 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
10.50
26
1.53
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Susceptibility
0.00
5
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
128.00 nΩ·m
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
0.08 106/cm Ω
24
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol
5
46.90 kJ/mol
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
0.36 J/(kg K)
17
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
31.06 J/mol·K
5
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K
1
58.20 W/m·K
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,093.00 K
4
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
90.00 µm/(m·K)
2
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol
37
69.20 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol
31
2.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol
37
82.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K
35
76.80 J/mol.K
5
|
||
|
||
|
