Ruthenium Radium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru
Ra
Group Number
8
10
2
16
Period Number
5
7
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440188
99+
7440144
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Not Available
Discovery
In 1844
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %
22
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
26
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Medical Research
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C
8
700.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C
14
1,737.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s
4
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ru
Ra
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
0.90
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.92
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.54
25
0.89
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
3.10
5
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol
32
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol
99+
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol
37
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr
99+
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV
9
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
44
99+
88
30
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Rn] 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
44
99+
88
30
Number of Neutrons
57
99+
138
16
Number of Electrons
44
99+
88
30
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
Not Available
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
221.00 pm
3
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
283.00 pm
4
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu
99+
226.00 amu
26
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
45.20 cm3/mol
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
22
20.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm
99+
514.80 pm
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
11
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3
27
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3
16
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa
4
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa
7
Not Available
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa
3
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.45
19
5.00
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m
38
100.00 nΩ·m
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
16
Not Available
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
24
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K
13
18.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol
9
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K
99+
71.00 J/mol.K
14
|
||
|
||
|
