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Ruthenium vs Radium

Ruthenium
Radium
Radium vs Ruthenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru   
Ra   
Group Number
8   
10
2   
16
Period Number
5   
7   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440188   
99+
7440144   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus   
Not Available   
Discovery
In 1844   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %   
22
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C   
8
700.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C   
14
1,737.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa   
3
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s   
4
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ru   
Ra   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
0.90   
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
0.97   
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.92   
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.54   
25
0.89   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
3.10   
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV   
9
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
44   
99+
88   
30
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   
[Rn] 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
44   
99+
88   
30
Number of Neutrons
57   
99+
138   
16
Number of Electrons
44   
99+
88   
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
221.00 pm   
3
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
283.00 pm   
4
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu   
99+
226.00 amu   
26
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Technetium
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Rhodium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm   
99+
514.80 pm   
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
11
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3   
27
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3   
16
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa   
4
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa   
7
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa   
3
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.45   
19
5.00   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m   
38
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K   
13
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol   
9
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
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