Samarium vs Lead
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm
Pb
Group Number
Not Available
14
4
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440199
99+
7439921
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00
6
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Unknown
Discovery
In 1879
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
In Bone
Not Available
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C
99+
327.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C
99+
1,740.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa
27
38.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa
24
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s
99+
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm
Pb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17
40
1.87
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.29
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.55
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.41
2
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.85
8
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83
14
1.67
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol
99+
715.60 kJ/mol
31
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr
34
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62
99+
82
34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
62
99+
82
34
Number of Neutrons
88
39
125
19
Number of Electrons
62
99+
82
34
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
175.00 pm
19
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
202.00 pm
27
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu
99+
207.20 amu
30
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol
19
18.17 cm3/mol
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)
37
24.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm
33
495.08 pm
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3
99+
11.34 g/cm3
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3
32
10.66 g/cm3
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available
12.00 MPa
20
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)
9
1.64 (Pa)
7
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa
34
5.60 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa
35
46.00 GPa
24
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa
37
16.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27
19
0.44
3
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.52
99+
11.35
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m
99+
208.00 nΩ·m
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
31
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K
7
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K
99+
35.30 W/m·K
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)
30
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol
99+
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol
40
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol
99+
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K
15
64.80 J/mol.K
17
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