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Scandium Osmium Comparison

Scandium
Osmium
Osmium Scandium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc  
Os  
Group Number
3  
15
8  
10
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440202  
99+
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1879  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C  
24
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C  
36
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa  
13
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
1,200.00 MPa  
13
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s  
5
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.80  
21
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
93.00 %  
3
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sc  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13  
26
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
30
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02  
40
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36  
31
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.19  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV  
99+
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
21  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
21  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
24  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
21  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm  
32
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Calcium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Titanium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)  
25
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm  
99+
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
24
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)  
3
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa  
28
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa  
22
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa  
28
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
18
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.99  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
1,814.00 K  
28
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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