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Silver Cerium Comparison

Silver
Cerium
Cerium Silver comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Ce   
Group Number
11   
7
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440451   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Moderately Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
795.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
3,257.00 °C   
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
186.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
210.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Ce   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
1.12   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.08   
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
2.88   
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
2.84 eV   
39
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
58   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
58   
99+
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
82   
99+
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
58   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
181.80 pm   
12
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
204.00 pm   
8
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
235.00 pm   
17
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
140.12 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
362.00 pm   
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
6.55 g/cm3   
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
13.50 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
21.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
33.60 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.24   
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
6.77   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
Summary >>
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