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Silver Thulium Comparison

Silver
Thulium
Thulium Silver comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Tm  
Group Number
11  
7
3  
15
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440304  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Per Teodor Cleve  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,545.00 °C  
23
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
1,730.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
471.00 MPa  
30
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.60  
33
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
35.00 %  
34
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Tm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.25  
36
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.25  
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.25  
35
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.25  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.75  
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,160.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
2,285.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
35
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
59,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
59,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
2.10 g/amp-hr  
30
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
2.40 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
69  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Xe] 4f13 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
69  
99+
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
100  
33
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
69  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
227.00 pm  
26
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
168.93 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
18.10 cm3/mol  
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Erbium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Ytterbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
49.70 (-eV)  
29
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
353.75 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.57  
40
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
8.56 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
69.00 MPa  
32
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.06 (Pa)  
10
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
30.50 GPa  
26
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
44.50 GPa  
30
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
74.00 GPa  
29
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.21  
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
676.00 nΩ·m  
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.16 J/(kg K)  
36
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
27.03 J/mol·K  
28
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
16.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,818.00 K  
27
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
191.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
16.80 kJ/mol  
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
247.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
74.00 J/mol.K  
9
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