Silver Thulium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag
Tm
Group Number
11
7
Not Available
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440224
99+
7440304
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.00000002 %
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
Not Available
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.
20
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C
99+
1,545.00 °C
23
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C
99+
1,730.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa
37
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa
30
520.00 MPa
21
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
34
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
97.00 %
1
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93
9
1.25
35
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83
11
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47
15
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.87
7
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07
99+
2.75
19
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol
27
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV
20
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47
99+
69
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
47
99+
69
99+
Number of Neutrons
61
99+
100
32
Number of Electrons
47
99+
69
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm
36
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm
39
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm
38
Not Available
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu
99+
168.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
18.10 cm3/mol
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)
99+
49.70 (-eV)
28
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm
20
353.75 pm
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3
35
9.32 g/cm3
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3
21
8.56 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
14
0.06 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
30.50 GPa
22
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
44.50 GPa
26
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa
23
74.00 GPa
27
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.21
31
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
10.50
26
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Susceptibility
0.00
5
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
676.00 nΩ·m
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol
5
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
27.03 J/mol·K
22
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K
1
16.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol
37
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol
31
16.80 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol
37
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K
35
74.00 J/mol.K
9
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