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Silver vs Bismuth

Silver
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Bi   
Group Number
11   
7
15   
3
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
70.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
126   
18
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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