Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
C12/m1
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Unknown
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1753
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
Reflectivity
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available