Silver vs Mercury
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag
Hg
Group Number
11
7
12
6
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440224
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
19
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.
20
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C
99+
Not Available
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C
99+
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa
37
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa
30
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
34
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
97.00 %
1
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93
9
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83
11
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47
15
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.87
7
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07
99+
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol
27
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV
20
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47
99+
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
47
99+
80
36
Number of Neutrons
61
99+
121
22
Number of Electrons
47
99+
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm
36
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm
39
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm
38
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu
99+
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)
99+
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm
20
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3
35
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3
21
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
14
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
Not Available
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa
23
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
10.50
26
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
0.00
5
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol
5
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K
1
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol
37
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol
31
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol
37
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K
35
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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