Symbol
Ag
  
Nd
  
Period Number
5
  
6
  
Block
d block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Lanthanide
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown
  
Carl Auer von Welsbach
  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
  
In 1885
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
~0.0000003 %
  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
29
Not Available
  
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.
  
20
Not Available
  
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C
  
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C
  
99+
3,127.00 °C
  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
2,330.00 m/s
  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ag
  
Nd
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol
  
27
533.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol
  
11
1,040.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol
  
19
2,130.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
  
3,900.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr
  
7
1.79 g/amp-hr
  
37
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
  
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu
  
99+
144.24 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol
  
99+
20.60 cm3/mol
  
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)
  
99+
43.40 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3
  
35
7.01 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
NA
  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω
  
1
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol
  
5
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
25
0.19 J/(kg K)
  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K
  
99+
27.45 J/mol·K
  
17
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K
  
1
16.50 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)
  
23
9.60 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol
  
37
273.00 kJ/mol
  
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol
  
31
7.14 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol
  
37
322.00 kJ/mol
  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K
  
35
71.50 J/mol.K
  
13