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Silver vs Promethium

Silver
Promethium
Promethium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Pm   
Group Number
11   
7
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
84   
40
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
Not Available   
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