Symbol
Na
  
Ba
  
Period Number
3
  
6
  
Block
s block
  
s block
  
Element Family
Alkali
  
Alkaline Earth
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
Im_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
  
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
  
Discovery
In 1807
  
In 1772
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Low Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
1
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
  
15
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.
  
2
70.00 p.p.m.
  
9
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s
  
24
1,620.00 m/s
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Na
  
Ba
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
502.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol
  
4
965.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol
  
6
3,600.00 kJ/mol
  
14
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Not Available
  
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr
  
99+
2.56 g/amp-hr
  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
  
[Xe] 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol
  
10
39.24 cm3/mol
  
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)
  
99+
21.30 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3
  
99+
3.51 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3
  
99+
3.34 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Superconductor
  
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m
  
99+
332.00 nΩ·m
  
13
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
  
9
0.03 106/cm Ω
  
40
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol
  
19
13.95 kJ/mol
  
36
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)
  
3
0.20 J/(kg K)
  
30
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K
  
10
28.07 J/mol·K
  
12
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K
  
11
18.40 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)
  
4
20.60 µm/(m·K)
  
22
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol
  
99+
140.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol
  
99+
7.66 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
175.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K
  
28
62.50 J/mol.K
  
20