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Sodium vs Cobalt


Cobalt vs Sodium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Na   
Co   

Group Number
1   
17
9   
9

Period Number
3   
4   

Block
s block   
d block   

Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440235   
99+
7440484   
38

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  

Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Georg Brandt   

Discovery
In 1807   
In 1732   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %   
6
3 * 10-4 %   
9

Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %   
6
~0.0004 %   
9

Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %   
6
0.06 %   
10

Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %   
5
0.00 %   
21

Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %   
1
0.00 %   
20

Abundance In Humans
0.14 %   
3
0.00 %   
17

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
1
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18

In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.   
2
0.04 p.p.m.   
27

Physical Properties

Melting Point
97.72 °C   
99+
1,495.00 °C   
29

Boiling Point
883.00 °C   
99+
2,870.00 °C   
34

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
0.50   
22
5.00   
8

Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa   
99+
470.00 MPa   
26

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11

Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s   
24
4,720.00 m/s   
14

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11

Allotropes
No   
Yes   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Na   
Co   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
17   
22
26   
13

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
0.93   
99+
1.88   
12

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56   
30
2.56   
1

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01   
35
1.70   
5

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91   
21
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
0.87   
99+
1.84   
10

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
3.07   
6
2.12   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol   
99+
760.40 kJ/mol   
19

2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol   
4
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31

3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol   
6
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22

4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol   
5
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19

5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol   
4
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12

6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol   
4
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12

7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol   
4
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11

8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol   
4
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12

9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol   
4
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13

10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol   
2
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7

11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol   
2
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4

22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3

23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
2.75 eV   
40
5.00 eV   
5

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
11   
99+
22   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
11   
99+
22   
99+

Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
26   
99+

Number of Electrons
11   
99+
22   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
147.00 pm   
34

Covalent Radius
166.00 pm   
27
160.00 pm   
30

Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm   
21
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
22.99 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol   
10
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Beryllium
  
Iron
  

Next Element
Magnesium
  
Nickel
  

Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)   
99+
95.20 (-eV)   
10

Lattice Constant
429.06 pm   
19
295.08 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3   
99+
4.11 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa   
99+
44.00 GPa   
17

Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa   
99+
110.00 GPa   
15

Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa   
99+
116.00 GPa   
18

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.32   
12

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
0.97   
99+
4,500.00   
1

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   

Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m   
99+
420.00 nΩ·m   
12

Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
9
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol   
19
7.60 kJ/mol   
37

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)   
3
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9

Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K   
10
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K   
11
21.90 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K   
2
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)   
4
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol   
99+
429.00 kJ/mol   
15

Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19

Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol   
99+
468.60 kJ/mol   
15

Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K   
28
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+

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