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Sodium vs Thulium

Sodium
Thulium
Thulium vs Sodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Na   
Tm   
Group Number
1   
17
Not Available   
Period Number
3   
6   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440235   
99+
7440304   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Per Teodor Cleve   
Discovery
In 1807   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %   
6
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %   
6
~0.00000002 %   
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %   
6
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %   
5
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %   
1
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %   
3
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
1
Not Available   
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.   
2
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C   
99+
1,545.00 °C   
23
Boiling Point
883.00 °C   
99+
1,730.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.50   
22
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa   
99+
471.00 MPa   
25
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
520.00 MPa   
21
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s   
24
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na   
Tm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93   
99+
1.25   
35
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56   
30
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01   
35
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91   
21
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.87   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07   
6
2.75   
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol   
99+
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol   
4
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol   
6
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol   
5
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV   
40
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11   
99+
69   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
11   
99+
69   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
100   
32
Number of Electrons
11   
99+
69   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm   
27
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm   
21
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu   
99+
168.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol   
10
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Beryllium
  
Erbium
  
Next Element
Magnesium
  
Ytterbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)   
99+
49.70 (-eV)   
28
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm   
19
353.75 pm   
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3   
99+
8.56 g/cm3   
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa   
99+
30.50 GPa   
22
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa   
99+
44.50 GPa   
26
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa   
99+
74.00 GPa   
27
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
31
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.97   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m   
99+
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
9
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol   
19
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)   
3
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K   
10
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K   
11
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K   
2
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)   
4
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol   
99+
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol   
99+
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol   
99+
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K   
28
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
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