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Strontium vs Praseodymium

Strontium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr  
Pr  
Group Number
2  
16
3  
15
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440246  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank  
-  
Discovery
In 1787  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %  
10
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
4
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3  
19
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.  
7
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
769.00 °C  
99+
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
110.00 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
15.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,170.00 m/s  
23
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.43  
39
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sr  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95  
99+
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72  
99+
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99  
38
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00  
99+
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
0.96  
99+
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05  
7
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol  
10
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol  
22
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol  
6
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV  
99+
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
38  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
50  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
38  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm  
15
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm  
11
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol  
9
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)  
99+
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm  
6
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa  
99+
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa  
99+
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
35
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m  
24
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
31
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K  
38
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,050.00 K  
99+
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)  
19
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol  
99+
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol  
99+
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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