Home
Compare Metals


Praseodymium vs Rubidium


Rubidium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Pr   
Rb   

Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17

Period Number
6   
5   

Block
f block   
s block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkali   

CAS Number
7440100   
99+
7440177   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Not Available   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   

Discovery
In 1885   
In 1861   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
1 * 10-6 %   
16

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000003 %   
17

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
40
0.00 %   
19

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
27
0.01 %   
18

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
7

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7

In Bone
Not Available   
5.00 p.p.m.   
13

Physical Properties

Melting Point
935.00 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C   
27
688.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Grayish White   
Grayish White   

Luster
Metallic   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.30   
24

Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa   
24
0.22 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s   
40
1,300.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Pr   
Rb   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
31   
8
29   
10

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.13   
99+
0.82   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.31   
32

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
0.89   
40

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.71   
99+

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.87   
12
3.18   
3

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6

3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11

4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18

5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol   
29
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20

7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr   
40
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14

Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
2.16 eV   
99+

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
59   
99+
37   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2   
[Kr] 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
59   
99+
37   
99+

Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
48   
99+

Number of Electrons
59   
99+
37   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
182.00 pm   
11
248.00 pm   
2

Covalent Radius
203.00 pm   
9
220.00 pm   
4

Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm   
14
303.00 pm   
3

Atomic Weight
140.91 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol   
15
55.90 cm3/mol   
2

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Cerium
  
Gallium
  

Next Element
Neodymium
  
Strontium
  

Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)   
99+
9.47 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
367.25 pm   
29
558.50 pm   
10

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3   
39
1.46 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)   
7
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa   
39
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa   
40
2.50 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa   
99+
2.40 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.28   
16
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
1.53   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m   
99+
128.00 nΩ·m   
26

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
46.90 kJ/mol   
24

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17

Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K   
18
31.06 J/mol·K   
5

Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K   
99+
58.20 W/m·K   
26

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4

Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol   
29
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol   
99+
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol   
24
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K   
10
76.80 J/mol.K   
5

Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Lanthanide Series

Lanthanide Metals

Lanthanide Metals

» More Lanthanide Metals

Compare Lanthanide Series

» More Compare Lanthanide Series