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Praseodymium vs Strontium

Praseodymium
Strontium
Strontium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Sr  
Group Number
3  
15
2  
16
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440246  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
William Cruickshank  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1787  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.04 %  
10
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
4
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3  
19
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
140.00 p.p.m.  
7
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
769.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
1,384.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
110.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
15.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
4,170.00 m/s  
23
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.43  
39
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Sr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
27  
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
0.95  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
0.72  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
0.99  
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.00  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
0.96  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
3.05  
7
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,064.20 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,138.00 kJ/mol  
10
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,500.00 kJ/mol  
22
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,910.00 kJ/mol  
30
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,760.00 kJ/mol  
26
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,230.00 kJ/mol  
19
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,800.00 kJ/mol  
19
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
17
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,270.00 kJ/mol  
6
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.64 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
2.59 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
38  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Kr] 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
38  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
50  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
38  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
215.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
195.00 pm  
15
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
249.00 pm  
11
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
87.62 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
33.70 cm3/mol  
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Rubidium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Yttrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
25.70 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
608.49 pm  
6
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.57  
40
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
2.64 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
121.00 (Pa)  
1
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
6.03 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
11.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
15.70 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
2.64  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
35
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
132.00 nΩ·m  
24
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
31
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
5.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
35.40 W/m·K  
38
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,050.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.50 µm/(m·K)  
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
9.16 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
163.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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