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Tantalum vs Cerium


Cerium vs Tantalum


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ta   
Ce   

Group Number
5   
13
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440257   
99+
7440451   
99+

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   

Discovery
In 1802   
In 1803   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-9 %   
31
1 * 10-6 %   
16

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
27

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
37
0.01 %   
18

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
31
0.00 %   
33

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Moderately Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30

In Bone
0.03 p.p.m.   
28
2.70 p.p.m.   
14

Physical Properties

Melting Point
2,996.00 °C   
4
795.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
5,425.00 °C   
4
3,257.00 °C   
23

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray Blue   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
440.00 MPa   
28
186.00 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
210.00 MPa   
32

Speed of Sound
3,400.00 m/s   
22
2,100.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ta   
Ce   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
31   
8
30   
9

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
1.12   
99+

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.33   
22
1.08   
31

Allen Electronegativity
1.34   
33
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
2.88   
11

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol   
18
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,500.00 kJ/mol   
40
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.35 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
2.84 eV   
39

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
73   
99+
58   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
73   
99+
58   
99+

Number of Neutrons
108   
28
82   
99+

Number of Electrons
73   
99+
58   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
181.80 pm   
12

Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
204.00 pm   
8

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
235.00 pm   
17

Atomic Weight
180.95 amu   
38
140.12 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
10.90 cm3/mol   
99+
20.67 cm3/mol   
17

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Hafnium
  
Lanthanum
  

Next Element
Tungsten
  

Valence Electron Potential
110.00 (-eV)   
7
41.78 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
330.13 pm   
99+
362.00 pm   
34

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
16.69 g/cm3   
18
6.77 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.00 g/cm3   
9
6.55 g/cm3   
38

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
34

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
31
1.04 (Pa)   
13

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
69.00 GPa   
13
13.50 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
200.00 GPa   
8
21.50 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
186.00 GPa   
13
33.60 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.24   
27

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
16.65   
11
6.77   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
131.00 nΩ·m   
25
828.00 nΩ·m   
3

Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
27
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
31.00 kJ/mol   
29
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32

Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
26.94 J/mol·K   
23

Thermal Conductivity
57.50 W/m·K   
27
11.30 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
753.10 kJ/mol   
2
414.00 kJ/mol   
16

Enthalpy of Fusion
31.40 kJ/mol   
3
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
782.00 kJ/mol   
3
381.00 kJ/mol   
23

Standard Molar Entropy
41.50 J/mol.K   
37
72.00 J/mol.K   
12

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