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Technetium vs Ruthenium

Technetium
Ruthenium
Ruthenium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc  
Ru  
Group Number
7  
11
8  
10
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440268  
99+
7440188  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
Karl Ernst Claus  
Discovery
In 1937  
In 1844  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C  
9
2,250.00 °C  
8
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C  
7
3,900.00 °C  
14
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Shiny Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
550.00 MPa  
27
2,160.00 MPa  
3
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
1,160.00 MPa  
14
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s  
1
5,970.00 m/s  
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
6.00 %  
38
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tc  
Ru  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36  
21
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.51  
31
1.54  
28
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
710.20 kJ/mol  
32
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.22 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
2,747.00 kJ/mol  
38
4th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
12
5th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
27
6th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
37
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
11th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
14th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
16th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
21
17th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
31
19th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
38
20th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
710.00 kJ/mol  
32
21st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
23rd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
25th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
26th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
27th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
28th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
710.20 kJ/mol  
30
29th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
710.20 kJ/mol  
31
30th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
710.00 kJ/mol  
25
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.71 eV  
14
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
43  
99+
44  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
[Kr] 4d7 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43  
99+
44  
99+
Number of Neutrons
55  
99+
57  
99+
Number of Electrons
43  
99+
44  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm  
39
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu  
99+
101.07 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Technetium
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Rhodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm  
99+
270.59 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
21
1.58  
33
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3  
36
12.45 g/cm3  
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.00 g/cm3  
34
10.65 g/cm3  
37
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
173.00 GPa  
4
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
220.00 GPa  
7
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
447.00 GPa  
3
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50  
37
12.45  
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
71.00 nΩ·m  
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
0.14 106/cm Ω  
18
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
101.30 kJ/mol  
11
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
0.24 J/(kg K)  
24
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K  
30
117.00 W/m·K  
13
Critical Temperature
2,150.00 K  
16
2,607.00 K  
9
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
567.80 kJ/mol  
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
25.50 kJ/mol  
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
603.00 kJ/mol  
10
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
28.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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