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Technetium vs Ruthenium

Technetium
Ruthenium
Ruthenium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc   
Ru   
Group Number
7   
11
8   
10
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440268   
99+
7440188   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons   
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero   
Karl Ernst Claus   
Discovery
In 1937   
In 1844   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000005 %   
22
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
38
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C   
9
2,250.00 °C   
8
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C   
7
3,900.00 °C   
14
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Shiny Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.50   
5
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
2,160.00 MPa   
3
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s   
1
5,970.00 m/s   
4
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tc   
Ru   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18   
21
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
2.20   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36   
20
1.42   
18
Allen Electronegativity
1.51   
28
1.54   
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol   
36
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol   
99+
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol   
33
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.71 eV   
9
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
43   
99+
44   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2   
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100   
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43   
99+
44   
99+
Number of Neutrons
55   
99+
57   
99+
Number of Electrons
43   
99+
44   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm   
37
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu   
99+
101.07 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol   
99+
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Technetium
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Rhodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm   
99+
270.59 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
5
1.58   
11
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3   
34
12.45 g/cm3   
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.65 g/cm3   
16
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
173.00 GPa   
4
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
220.00 GPa   
7
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
447.00 GPa   
3
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50   
24
12.45   
19
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m   
18
71.00 nΩ·m   
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
30
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol   
18
101.30 kJ/mol   
10
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)   
29
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K   
30
117.00 W/m·K   
13
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol   
6
567.80 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol   
9
25.50 kJ/mol   
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol   
8
603.00 kJ/mol   
9
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K   
2
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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