Terbium vs Yttrium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb
Y
Group Number
Not Available
3
15
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440279
99+
7440655
25
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
In 1842
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
7 * 10-7 %
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
In Bone
Not Available
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C
33
1,523.00 °C
27
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C
29
3,337.00 °C
21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa
17
589.00 MPa
22
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa
13
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s
35
3,300.00 m/s
23
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.22
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.65
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.12
38
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.78
16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV
36
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65
99+
39
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
65
99+
39
99+
Number of Neutrons
94
36
50
99+
Number of Electrons
65
99+
39
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm
17
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm
16
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu
99+
88.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol
22
19.80 cm3/mol
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)
33
48.00 (-eV)
30
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm
36
364.74 pm
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
13
1.57
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3
99+
4.47 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3
30
4.24 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
0.00 (Pa)
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)
8
4.27 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa
32
25.60 GPa
30
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa
33
41.20 GPa
30
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa
34
63.50 GPa
32
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.24
26
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.23
39
4.47
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
596.00 nΩ·m
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
29.60 kJ/mol
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K
9
26.53 J/mol·K
27
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K
99+
17.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol
26
393.00 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol
34
17.15 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
418.00 kJ/mol
18
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
44.40 J/mol.K
33
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