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Thallium Magnesium Comparison

Thallium
Magnesium
Magnesium Thallium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl  
Mg  
Group Number
13  
5
2  
16
Period Number
6  
3  
Block
p block  
s block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440280  
99+
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
33
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
303.50 °C  
99+
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C  
99+
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
120.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
8.00 %  
37
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tl  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62  
22
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25  
6
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96  
11
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.79  
16
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38  
33
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV  
39
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
81  
35
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81  
35
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
123  
21
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
81  
35
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm  
37
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu  
31
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm  
99+
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
23
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3  
33
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3  
33
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
47.00 MPa  
39
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa  
99+
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa  
99+
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.45  
2
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85  
35
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
28
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K  
33
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
577.00 K  
99+
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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