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Thallium vs Iron

Thallium
Iron
Iron vs Thallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl   
Fe   
Group Number
13   
5
8   
10
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440280   
99+
7439896   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1861   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-9 %   
32
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.1 %   
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
22.00 %   
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
6.30 %   
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.01 %   
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
303.50 °C   
99+
1,535.00 °C   
25
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C   
99+
2,750.00 °C   
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa   
99+
200.00 MPa   
40
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
608.00 MPa   
18
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s   
99+
5,120.00 m/s   
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
65.00 %   
12
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
beta Iron   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tl   
Fe   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62   
21
1.83   
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25   
5
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.64   
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96   
6
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.79   
13
1.80   
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38   
33
2.17   
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV   
28
4.70 eV   
10
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
81   
35
26   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81   
35
26   
99+
Number of Neutrons
123   
20
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
81   
35
26   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
126.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm   
30
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu   
31
55.85 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
67.00 (-eV)   
20
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm   
99+
286.65 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
6
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3   
31
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3   
13
6.98 g/cm3   
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)   
5
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa   
99+
82.00 GPa   
11
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa   
28
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa   
99+
211.00 GPa   
9
Poisson Ratio
0.45   
2
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85   
22
7.20   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Susceptibility
Not Available   
2,00,000.00   
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K   
33
80.40 W/m·K   
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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