Tin Beryllium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Be
Group Number
14
4
2
16
Period Number
5
2
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440417
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
141.00
7
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1797
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
1 * 10-7 %
23
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.00000001 %
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
0.00 p.p.m.
32
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
1,278.00 °C
36
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
2,970.00 °C
32
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
White Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
5.50
7
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
590.00 MPa
21
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,670.00 MPa
4
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
12,890.00 m/s
2
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Be
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
9
29
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.57
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
1.81
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.47
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
1.54
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.58
23
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.43
30
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
899.50 kJ/mol
7
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
4
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[He] 2s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
4
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
5
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
4
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
112.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
96.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
153.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
9.01 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
82.00 (-eV)
15
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
228.58 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
18
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
1.85 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
1.69 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
0.00 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
132.00 GPa
7
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
130.00 GPa
13
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
287.00 GPa
7
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.03
35
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
1.85
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
200.00 W/m·K
6
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
294.70 kJ/mol
30
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
11.72 kJ/mol
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
326.40 kJ/mol
30
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
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