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Tin vs Cerium

Tin
Cerium
Cerium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Ce  
Group Number
14  
4
Not Available  
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440451  
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
141.00  
7
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %  
20
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %  
19
~0.0000004 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
13
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
NA  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
16
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
795.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
3,257.00 °C  
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
18
2.50  
14
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
186.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
210.00 MPa  
32
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
32
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Ce  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
8
1.12  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
15
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
4
1.08  
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
3
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
11
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.88  
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
13
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
16
2.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50  
99+
58  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
58  
99+
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
58  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
38
181.80 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
204.00 pm  
8
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
23
235.00 pm  
17
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
140.12 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
32
20.67 cm3/mol  
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
362.00 pm  
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
34
6.55 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
17
0.00 (Pa)  
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
1.04 (Pa)  
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
36
13.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
20
21.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
36
33.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.24  
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
23
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
8
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
20
26.94 J/mol·K  
23
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
20
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
32
414.00 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
35
381.00 kJ/mol  
23
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
29
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
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