Tin Zirconium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Zr
Group Number
14
4
4
14
Period Number
5
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440677
23
Space Group Name
I41/amd
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
141.00
7
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
5 * 10-6 %
13
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
0.10 p.p.m.
23
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
1,852.00 °C
15
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
4,377.00 °C
11
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
638.00 MPa
19
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
820.00 MPa
15
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
3,800.00 m/s
20
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Zr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.33
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
0.90
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.22
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.32
34
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.67
24
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.05 eV
26
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
40
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
40
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
51
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
40
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
175.00 pm
23
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
91.22 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
14.10 cm3/mol
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
80.00 (-eV)
18
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
323.20 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
8
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
6.52 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
5.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
21
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
33.00 GPa
20
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
91.10 GPa
17
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
88.00 GPa
22
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
6.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
421.00 nΩ·m
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
41.10 kJ/mol
27
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
22.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
581.60 kJ/mol
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
20.90 kJ/mol
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
598.00 kJ/mol
10
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
39.00 J/mol.K
39
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