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Zirconium vs Copper

Zirconium
Copper
Copper vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr   
Cu   
Group Number
4   
14
11   
7
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440677   
23
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1789   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %   
13
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
17
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
14
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
21
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.   
23
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C   
15
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C   
11
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Copper   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa   
19
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa   
15
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s   
20
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33   
30
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90   
25
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.32   
34
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67   
24
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol   
10
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol   
15
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV   
26
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
51   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
40   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol   
36
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)   
18
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm   
99+
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
8
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3   
99+
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa   
20
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa   
17
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa   
22
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m   
11
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol   
27
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)   
19
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K   
99+
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol   
9
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol   
11
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol   
10
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K   
39
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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