Zirconium Copper Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr
Cu
Group Number
4
14
11
7
Period Number
5
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440677
23
7440508
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Unknown
Discovery
In 1789
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %
13
6 * 10-6 %
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.00007 %
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
17
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
14
0.01 %
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.
23
26.00 p.p.m.
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C
15
1,084.62 °C
40
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C
11
2,562.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Copper
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa
19
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa
15
343.00 MPa
28
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s
20
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
90.00 %
3
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33
30
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90
25
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.49
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.32
34
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67
24
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
745.50 kJ/mol
22
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV
26
4.65 eV
11
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40
99+
29
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
40
99+
29
99+
Number of Neutrons
51
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
40
99+
29
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
140.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu
99+
63.55 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol
36
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)
18
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm
99+
361.49 pm
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
8
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3
99+
8.96 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3
99+
8.02 g/cm3
27
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.53 (Pa)
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa
20
48.00 GPa
15
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa
17
140.00 GPa
12
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa
22
120.00 GPa
17
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.51
99+
8.89
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Susceptibility
Not Available
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m
11
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol
27
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K
99+
401.00 W/m·K
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol
9
283.70 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol
11
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol
10
338.90 kJ/mol
29
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K
39
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
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