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Zirconium Copper Comparison

Zirconium
Copper
Copper Zirconium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Cu  
Group Number
4  
14
11  
7
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
-  
Discovery
In 1789  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Copper  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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