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Titanium vs Cadmium

Titanium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Titanium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ti  
Cd  
Group Number
4  
14
12  
6
Period Number
4  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440439  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius  
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Discovery
In 1791  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Humans
0.57 %  
2
0.00 %  
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
16
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
In Bone
0.60 p.p.m.  
21
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
Physical
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C  
18
320.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C  
23
765.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray-White  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.00  
17
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa  
16
203.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa  
21
90.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s  
13
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.71  
26
Reflectivity
56.00 %  
26
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ti  
Cd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
23  
16
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54  
27
1.69  
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.09  
39
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.32  
24
1.46  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
1.53  
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
36
1.52  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.46  
28
2.31  
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
39
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol  
5
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol  
37
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol  
4
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol  
5
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol  
9
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
21st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
23rd Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
24th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
30
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
25th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
26th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
31
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
27th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
28th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
37
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
29th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
38
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
30th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
34
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
24
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
22  
99+
48  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
48  
99+
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
64  
99+
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
48  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
36
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
158.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
112.41 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Scandium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Vanadium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
297.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
30
1.89  
2
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
10
62.00 MPa  
34
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
19.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
20
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.51  
99+
8.65  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
96.60 W/m·K  
16
Critical Temperature
1,941.00 K  
21
594.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
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