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Tungsten vs Gadolinium

Tungsten
Gadolinium
Gadolinium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Gd  
Group Number
6  
12
0  
18
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440542  
33
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1880  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
1,311.00 °C  
35
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
3,233.00 °C  
26
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
4.50  
10
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
510.00 MPa  
34
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
1.97  
16
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Gd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.20  
40
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.20  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.20  
39
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.20  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.80  
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
4,250.00 kJ/mol  
40
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
17
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
36
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
37
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
594.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.96 g/amp-hr  
36
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
3.10 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
64  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
64  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
93  
38
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
64  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
196.00 pm  
14
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
237.00 pm  
19
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Europium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Terbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
46.10 (-eV)  
35
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
363.60 pm  
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.59  
29
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
7.90 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
7.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
158.00 MPa  
23
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
7.39 (Pa)  
9
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
21.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
37.90 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
54.80 GPa  
38
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.26  
23
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
7.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
1.31 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
37.03 J/mol·K  
3
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
10.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
1,585.00 K  
38
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
359.40 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
10.05 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
352.00 kJ/mol  
36
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
68.10 J/mol.K  
16
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