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Gadolinium vs Rhodium

Gadolinium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Gadolinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd  
Rh  
Group Number
0  
18
9  
9
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440542  
33
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1880  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C  
35
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C  
26
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.50  
10
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa  
34
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.97  
16
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Gd  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.20  
32
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80  
15
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
37
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
594.10 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr  
36
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV  
99+
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
64  
99+
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
64  
99+
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
93  
38
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
64  
99+
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm  
14
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
19
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Europium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Terbium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)  
35
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm  
35
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
29
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3  
99+
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3  
99+
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
158.00 MPa  
23
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)  
9
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa  
99+
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa  
99+
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa  
38
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
23
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.90  
99+
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
4
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m  
99+
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K  
3
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K  
99+
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
1,585.00 K  
38
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol  
30
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol  
99+
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol  
36
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K  
16
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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