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Gadolinium vs Rhodium

Gadolinium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Gadolinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd   
Rh   
Group Number
0   
18
9   
9
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440542   
33
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1880   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
30
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C   
35
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C   
25
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa   
22
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Gd   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
64   
99+
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
64   
99+
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
93   
37
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
64   
99+
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Europium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Terbium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)   
34
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm   
32
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
9
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3   
31
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)   
9
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa   
33
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa   
34
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa   
35
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
23
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.90   
40
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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