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Tungsten vs Gallium

Tungsten
Gallium
Gallium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Ga  
Group Number
6  
12
13  
5
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440553  
32
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Cmca  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
64.00  
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1875  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
13
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
29.78 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
2,403.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
56.80 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
111.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
2,740.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
1.81  
20
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
36.00 %  
33
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Ga  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
24  
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.81  
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
2.42  
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.82  
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
2.01  
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.76  
17
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.19  
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,979.30 kJ/mol  
13
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol  
28
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
16
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.87 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.20 eV  
30
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
31  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
31  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
39  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
31  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
135.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
187.00 pm  
39
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
69.72 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
11.80 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Zinc
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Rubidium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
69.70 (-eV)  
19
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
451.97 pm  
20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.30  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
5.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
6.10 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
41.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
7.20 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
37.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
9.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.47  
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
5.91  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
7
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
270.00 nΩ·m  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.07 106/cm Ω  
34
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.37 J/(kg K)  
16
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
40.60 W/m·K  
34
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
302.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.00 µm/(m·K)  
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
5.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
276.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
40.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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