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Tungsten vs Gallium

Tungsten
Gallium
Gallium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W   
Ga   
Group Number
6   
12
13   
5
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440337   
99+
7440553   
32
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Cmca   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
64.00   
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Discovery
In 1781   
In 1875   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
35
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C   
1
29.78 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C   
1
2,403.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50   
2
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa   
4
56.80 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa   
1
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s   
16
2,740.00 m/s   
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
62.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W   
Ga   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
24   
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36   
2
1.81   
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98   
23
2.42   
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40   
19
1.82   
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.01   
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.47   
29
1.76   
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64   
99+
2.19   
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol   
16
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
4.20 eV   
23
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74   
99+
31   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
31   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
39   
99+
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
31   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
135.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm   
29
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
187.00 pm   
32
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu   
37
69.72 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Zinc
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Rubidium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
69.70 (-eV)   
19
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm   
99+
451.97 pm   
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3   
16
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3   
5
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa   
10
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa   
5
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa   
4
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa   
4
9.80 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.47   
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22   
9
5.91   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol   
13
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K   
7
40.60 W/m·K   
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
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