Vanadium Rubidium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
V
Rb
Group Number
5
13
1
17
Period Number
4
5
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
CAS Number
7440622
27
7440177
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
History
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
In 1801
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %
10
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %
13
~0.000003 %
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %
14
0.00 %
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %
12
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
14
0.00 %
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
- Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
36
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
7
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
31
5.00 p.p.m.
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C
13
38.89 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C
20
688.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Grayish White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.70
4
0.30
24
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa
20
0.22 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s
17
1,300.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
61.00 %
14
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
V
Rb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
22
17
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63
20
0.82
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39
17
0.31
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45
16
0.89
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.69
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.53
26
0.71
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37
34
3.18
3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol
99+
403.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol
6
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol
35
3,860.00 kJ/mol
11
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol
25
5,080.00 kJ/mol
18
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol
23
6,850.00 kJ/mol
19
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol
5
8,140.00 kJ/mol
20
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol
5
9,570.00 kJ/mol
20
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol
7
13,120.00 kJ/mol
17
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol
7
14,500.00 kJ/mol
18
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol
12
26,740.00 kJ/mol
6
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr
14
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV
18
2.16 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
23
99+
37
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Kr] 5s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
23
99+
37
99+
Number of Neutrons
28
99+
48
99+
Number of Electrons
23
99+
37
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
248.00 pm
2
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm
33
220.00 pm
4
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
303.00 pm
3
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu
99+
85.47 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol
99+
55.90 cm3/mol
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)
6
9.47 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm
99+
558.50 pm
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3
99+
1.53 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3
99+
1.46 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa
6
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)
16
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa
16
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa
11
2.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa
15
2.40 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.96
99+
1.53
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m
19
128.00 nΩ·m
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
0.08 106/cm Ω
24
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol
20
46.90 kJ/mol
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)
10
0.36 J/(kg K)
17
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K
99+
31.06 J/mol·K
5
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K
39
58.20 W/m·K
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,093.00 K
4
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
90.00 µm/(m·K)
2
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol
14
69.20 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol
14
2.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol
13
82.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K
99+
76.80 J/mol.K
5
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