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Vanadium Zinc Comparison

Vanadium
Zinc
Zinc Vanadium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
V  
Zn  
Group Number
5  
13
12  
6
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440622  
27
7440666  
24
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Indian metallurgists  
Discovery
In 1801  
Before 1000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
14
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %  
12
0.01 %  
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
Physical
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C  
13
419.58 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C  
21
907.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Blue-Silver Grey  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.70  
4
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa  
24
327.00 MPa  
39
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa  
25
207.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s  
22
3,850.00 m/s  
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.05  
13
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
V  
Zn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
22  
17
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63  
21
1.65  
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39  
21
2.23  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.66  
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.63  
21
1.65  
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.53  
29
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37  
34
2.35  
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.33 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
23  
99+
30  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
23  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
23  
99+
30  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm  
35
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
139.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu  
99+
65.38 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Titanium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Chromium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)  
6
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm  
99+
266.49 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.70  
9
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa  
6
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
11
0.00  
7
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa  
16
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
70.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa  
17
108.00 GPa  
21
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.96  
99+
6.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
8
0.00  
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K  
40
116.00 W/m·K  
14
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K  
15
692.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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