Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Pm-3m
Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1794
In 1898
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7th Energy level
Not Available
8th Energy Level
Not Available
9th Energy Level
Not Available
10th Energy Level
Not Available
11th Energy Level
Not Available
12th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available