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Zinc vs Osmium

Zinc
Osmium
Osmium vs Zinc


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn  
Os  
Group Number
12  
6
8  
10
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440666  
24
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %  
12
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
16
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
419.58 °C  
99+
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
907.00 °C  
99+
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa  
39
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
207.00 MPa  
99+
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s  
25
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zn  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65  
20
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23  
7
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66  
8
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65  
20
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35  
35
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
24
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
30  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
30  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
30  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Copper
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Gallium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm  
99+
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
7
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa  
20
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa  
21
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.90  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
6
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K  
14
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
692.00 K  
99+
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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