Zirconium Erbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr
Er
Group Number
4
14
Not Available
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440677
23
7440520
35
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
In 1789
In 1842
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %
13
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
14
0.00 %
32
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
15
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Mildly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
Not Available
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.
23
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C
15
1,522.00 °C
28
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C
11
2,510.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa
19
814.00 MPa
11
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa
15
589.00 MPa
19
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s
20
2,830.00 m/s
28
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr
Er
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33
30
1.24
36
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90
25
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.32
34
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67
24
2.76
18
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
589.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,194.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
2.08 g/amp-hr
28
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV
26
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40
99+
68
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
40
99+
68
99+
Number of Neutrons
51
99+
99
33
Number of Electrons
40
99+
68
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
189.00 pm
19
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
Not Available
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu
99+
167.26 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol
36
18.40 cm3/mol
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)
18
49.00 (-eV)
29
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm
99+
355.88 pm
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
8
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3
99+
9.07 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3
99+
8.86 g/cm3
23
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa
20
28.30 GPa
25
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa
17
44.40 GPa
27
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa
22
69.90 GPa
29
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.24
28
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.51
99+
9.07
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m
11
0.86 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol
27
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
28.12 J/mol·K
11
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K
99+
14.50 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
12.20 µm/(m·K)
31
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol
9
261.00 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol
11
17.20 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol
10
314.00 kJ/mol
33
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K
39
73.10 J/mol.K
11
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