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Zirconium vs Aluminium

Zirconium
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr   
Al   
Group Number
4   
14
13   
5
Period Number
5   
3   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440677   
23
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1789   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %   
13
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
17
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
14
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
21
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.   
23
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C   
15
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C   
11
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa   
19
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa   
15
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s   
20
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33   
30
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90   
25
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.32   
34
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67   
24
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol   
10
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol   
15
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
Not Available   
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV   
26
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
51   
99+
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
40   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol   
36
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)   
18
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm   
99+
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
8
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3   
99+
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3   
99+
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa   
20
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa   
17
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa   
22
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51   
99+
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m   
11
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol   
27
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)   
19
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K   
99+
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol   
9
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol   
11
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol   
10
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K   
39
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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