Zirconium vs Chromium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr
Cr
Group Number
4
14
6
12
Period Number
5
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440677
23
7440473
39
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
In 1789
In Between 1797 - 1798
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %
13
1.5 * 10-3 %
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.002 %
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
17
0.30 %
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
14
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
12
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.
23
0.33 p.p.m.
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C
15
1,857.00 °C
14
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C
11
2,672.00 °C
39
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
8.50
1
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa
19
687.00 MPa
16
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa
15
1,060.00 MPa
10
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s
20
5,940.00 m/s
5
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr
Cr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33
30
1.66
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90
25
1.66
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.56
10
Allen Electronegativity
1.32
34
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67
24
2.34
36
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol
1
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol
1
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol
1
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol
1
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
105,800.00 kJ/mol
1
7th Energy level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,130.00 kJ/mol
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available
28,750.00 kJ/mol
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,230.00 kJ/mol
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,066.00 kJ/mol
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available
105,800.00 kJ/mol
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available
157,700.00 kJ/mol
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
166,090.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV
26
4.50 eV
14
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40
99+
24
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
40
99+
24
99+
Number of Neutrons
51
99+
28
99+
Number of Electrons
40
99+
24
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu
99+
52.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol
36
7.23 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)
18
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm
99+
291.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
8
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3
99+
7.19 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3
99+
6.30 g/cm3
40
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
689.00 MPa
7
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
774.00 (Pa)
1
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa
20
115.00 GPa
9
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa
17
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa
22
279.00 GPa
8
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.21
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.51
99+
7.19
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m
11
125.00 nΩ·m
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω
25
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol
27
64.30 kJ/mol
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
0.45 J/(kg K)
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
23.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K
99+
93.90 W/m·K
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol
9
348.80 kJ/mol
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol
11
15.31 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol
10
397.50 kJ/mol
21
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K
39
23.80 J/mol.K
99+
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