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Zirconium vs Chromium

Zirconium
Chromium
Chromium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Cr  
Group Number
4  
14
6  
12
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1789  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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