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Zirconium vs Iron

Zirconium
Iron
Iron vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Fe  
Group Number
4  
14
8  
10
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
-  
Discovery
In 1789  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
-  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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