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Zirconium vs Radium

Zirconium
Radium
Radium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Ra  
Group Number
4  
14
2  
16
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7440144  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Not Available  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %  
13
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %  
16
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
NA  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
Not Available  
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
23
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
700.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
1,737.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
19
Not Available  
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
15
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
20
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Ra  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
30
0.90  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
25
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
26
0.97  
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.92  
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
34
0.89  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
3.10  
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
10
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
26
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40  
99+
88  
30
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Rn] 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
88  
30
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
138  
16
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
88  
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
27
Not Available  
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
23
221.00 pm  
3
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
283.00 pm  
4
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
226.00 amu  
26
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
36
45.20 cm3/mol  
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
514.80 pm  
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
8
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
12
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
20
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
17
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
22
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
5.00  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
NA  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Not Available  
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
27
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Not Available  
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
10
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
39
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
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