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Zirconium vs Zinc

Zirconium
Zinc
Zinc vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Zn  
Group Number
4  
14
12  
6
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7440666  
24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Indian metallurgists  
Discovery
In 1789  
Before 1000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %  
13
3 * 10-5 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %  
16
~0.0002 %  
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.01 %  
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
23
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
419.58 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
907.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
2.50  
14
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
19
327.00 MPa  
32
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
15
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
20
3,850.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available  
1.00  
2
Reflectivity
Not Available  
80.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Zn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
30
1.65  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
25
2.23  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
26
1.66  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.65  
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
34
1.59  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.35  
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
9
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
15
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
7th Energy level
Not Available  
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
26
4.33 eV  
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40  
99+
30  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
30  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
27
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
23
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
139.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
65.38 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
36
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
266.49 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
8
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
6.57 g/cm3  
37
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
12
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
20
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
17
70.00 GPa  
19
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
22
108.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
6.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
27
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
25.47 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
116.00 W/m·K  
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
9
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
10
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
39
41.60 J/mol.K  
36
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