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Beryllium vs Copper

Beryllium
Copper
Copper vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Cu   
Group Number
2   
16
11   
7
Period Number
2   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1797   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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