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Beryllium vs Copper

Beryllium
Copper
Copper vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be  
Cu  
Group Number
2  
16
11  
7
Period Number
2  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440417  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
-  
Discovery
In 1797  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C  
36
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C  
33
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
White Gray  
Copper  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa  
25
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
9
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s  
2
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.56  
34
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Be  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57  
25
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81  
15
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.58  
26
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43  
30
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
4  
99+
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4  
99+
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
5  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
4  
99+
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu  
99+
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)  
15
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm  
99+
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
287.00 MPa  
16
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
17
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
20
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa  
7
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa  
13
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa  
7
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.03  
36
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85  
99+
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K  
6
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
1,551.00 K  
39
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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